Up your reporting game on macOS with free tools and Azure App Service

A couple of weeks ago we looked at deploying Munki with MEM which works great for deploying software to macOS devices. But what about monitoring the software we deploy to make sure everything is running smoothly? The reporting capabilities we have for macs is.. well, it needs some polishing, let's leave it at that. For Windows devices we have good capabilities in the form of Desktop Analytics where we can get information on updates, applications running on devices etc., this is something we mac admins in MEM really miss out on.

This is what todays post is all about!

We are looking at deploying a tool called MunkiReport, the infrastructure part is going to be handled by Azure App Service and Azure Database for MySQL, we'll then use Microsoft Endpoint Manager to configure and install the needed parts to be able to collect information. The end result will be something like below,

What makes this tool interesting to me is that you don't even have to use Munki to get reports on your macOS fleet, it can now be run in stand-alone mode if you do not use Munki for software deployment, which I think you should ;)

MunkiReport overview

Features

Quick overview of your Mac fleet with a dashboard
Get reports on many features (hardware types, disk usage, etc)
Lightweight: only sends reports when facts have changed
Modular: add your own reporting items without hacking the core
Datatables serverside processing: short loading times for tables, no large memory allocations on the client

Let's dig into the "Modular" part, the are a lot of things you can get reports on in this tool, have a look here.

You can even build your own modules and hook them into MunkiReport. The recommended settings for modules are as follows,

MODULES='applications, ard, bluetooth, caching, certificate, disk_report, displays_info, extensions, filevault_status, findmymac, firewall, gpu, ibridge, inventory, mdm_status, munkireport, munkireportinfo, network, network_shares, power, printer, profile, security, softwareupdate, supported_os, timemachine, usb, users, user_sessions, warranty, wifi, event, managedinstalls, munki_facts, munkiinfo'

### Large DB Modules: add these if you want specific insights into these categories
appusage, fan_temps, fonts, installhistory, usage_stats

### Munki Specific Modules: these can be removed if you are not using Munki
appusage, event, managedinstalls, munki_facts, munkiinfo, manifests

### Developer Specific Modules: related to supporting developer machines
devtools, homebrew, homebrew_info

### Escrow Tools: These tools escrow security information into MunkiReport
filevault_escrow, firmware_escrow, laps

### App Specific Modules: These modules are built for specific apps, 
### or have other requirements
backup2go, crashplan, detectx, directory_service, homebrew, homebrew_info, laps, location, mbbr_status, sccm_status, sentinelone, sentinelonequarantine, sophos, crowdstrike, geekbench, jamf, ms_office, snowagent, ms_defender, nomad```

Client reporting

When installed on a client, a LaunchDaemon is installed that will run on a random interval of 1-2 hours so that the server is not overloaded.

The LaunchDaemon will run /usr/local/munkireport/munkireport-runner, if you wish to have more control over then this happens you will need to either setup your own LaunchDaemon (or other recurring task) that will either touch /Users/Shared/.com.github.munkireport.run or setup a new LaunchDaemon to simply run the runner.

Server side requirements

A webserver (runs fine with Apache, IIS and nginx)
php version 7.2.5 or higher with pdo-sqlite3 and libxml

To follow along and deploy this you will need a subscription and access to deploy an Azure App Service as well as a Azure Database for MySQL. I'm going to do this from a mac but it could just as well be done on Windows. We will setup Business Units to assign mac devices to different parts of our organisation where managers can sign in to get reports on their devices and use SAML with Azure AD for authentication.

Okay, enough blabbering, let's get started!

Deploy MunkiReport in Azure

First things first, install Homebrew on your mac if not already installed,

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Then, install MySQL and Azure CLI using Homebrew,

brew install mysql

brew update && brew install azure-cli

Great, now we have the pieces in place to connect to our resources once created. So lets create our App Service and database.

Create App Service and database

Sign in to the Azure Portal
Search for App Services and click on the resource, then click Create
Under Instance Details, click on Try the new Web + Database experience
Choose your Subscription, select a Resource Group or create a new one, select your Region, Runtime Stack -> PHP 7.4, Engine -> MySQL Flexible server, leave default name for Server Name and click Review + Create, note your DB admin username and password then click Create
In the Azure Portal, open Azure Database for MySQL Servers and click on your newly created server
Navigate to Networking and click Allow public access from any Azure service, then, click Add current client IP Adress, now click Save
Open Terminal on your mac and run the following, enter the password when prompted

mysql -u <admin-user> -h <mysql-server-name>.mysql.database.azure.com -P 3306 -p

Once connected, run the following,

CREATE DATABASE munkireportdb;

CREATE USER 'munkireportadmin' IDENTIFIED BY 'YourPassword'; 
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON munkireportdb.* TO 'munkireportadmin';

Then quit by typing quit

So, we have our database and web app prepared, now we can go ahead and configure MunkiReport on our App Service

Install MunkiReport

We are going to use ssh from our mac to connect to our server and install MunkiReport. To connect with ssh, open Terminal and follow the below steps. If it fails to create a remote connection, try opening the web ssh first on your app by going to your app, under Development Tools click SSH and Go.

In Terminal, execute the following line,

az webapp create-remote-connection --subscription <subscription-id> --resource-group <resource-group-name> -n <app-name> &

The output will be something like this,

Port 21382 is open
SSH is available { username: root, password: Docker! }
Start your favorite client and connect to port 21382

To connect run the following and enter the password "Docker!" when promted,

ssh root@127.0.0.1 -p <port>

We're now connected with ssh to our web app, the default folder you should see now is "home", under this we have the following structure,

home
 - site
 - wwwroot

I'll be putting my MunkiTools folder in home/site

Install Git,

apt install git

Cd to home/site
Clone the MunkiReport repository by executing,

git clone https://github.com/munkireport/munkireport-php ./munkireport

Cd into /home/site/munkireport
Next we need to install composer, to do this run the following,

php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
php -r "if (hash_file('sha384', 'composer-setup.php') === '906a84df04cea2aa72f40b5f787e49f22d4c2f19492ac310e8cba5b96ac8b64115ac402c8cd292b8a03482574915d1a8') { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"
php composer-setup.php
php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"

MunkiReport includes default modules which you can see in composer.json, there's one module that will fail and that we need to change. This is "hautelook/phpass:" "^1.1". To change this, open composer.json using vi, press I to enter edit mode, change "hautelook/phpass:" "^1.1" to "ekinhbayar/hautelook-phpass": "1.1.0", press escape and enter :wq to write the changes
To connect to our database, we'll need the certificate to complete an SSL connection, in your munkireport folder, create a folder called ssl by running mkdir ssl, cd into the newly created folder and run wget https://www.digicert.com/CACerts/BaltimoreCyberTrustRoot.crt.pem

Now it's time to configure our .env file which contains all the information about database connection, modules to use etc. MunkiReport provides an example, ".env.example" that I used to configure my .env file, you can either build of this example or use my configuration below. Change DATABASE parameters to point to your MySQL server in Azure. We'll look at configuring SAML and a couple of other things later. Have a look at the Modules list at the top, if you don't use SentinelOne for example, remove it from the list along with all other things you don't want reporting on.

# --------------------------------------------------------------
# munkireport-php phpdotenv configuration file.
#
# Module specific variables should contain the module prefix.
# --------------------------------------------------------------

#Modules
#-------
MODULES="applications, appusage, ard, backup2go, bluetooth, caching, crashplan, detectx, devtools, directory_service, disk_report, displays_info, extensions, fan_temps, filevault_status, findmymac, firewall, gpu, homebrew, homebrew_info, ibridge, installhistory, inventory, managedinstalls, mbbr_status, mdm_status, munki_facts, munkiinfo, munkireport, munkireportinfo, network, network_shares, power, printer, profile, sccm_status, security, sentinelone, sentinelonequarantine, smart_stats, softwareupdate, supported_os, timemachine, usage_stats, usb, user_sessions, warranty, wifi"

# DATABASE
# --------

CONNECTION_DRIVER="mysql"
CONNECTION_HOST="{YOUR SERVER}.mysql.database.azure.com"
CONNECTION_PORT=3306
CONNECTION_DATABASE="munkireportdb"
CONNECTION_CHARSET="utf8mb4"
CONNECTION_USERNAME="munkireportadmin"
CONNECTION_PASSWORD="YourPassword"
CONNECTION_COLLATION="utf8mb4_unicode_ci"
CONNECTION_STRICT=TRUE
CONNECTION_ENGINE="InnoDB"

# SSL
# ------
CONNECTION_SSL_ENABLED=TRUE
CONNECTION_SSL_CERT='home/site/munkireport/ssl/BaltimoreCyberTrustRoot.crt.pem'


# INDEX_PAGE
# ----------
# Default is index.php? which is the most compatible form.
# You can leave it blank if you want nicer looking urls.
# You will need a server which honors .htaccess (apache) or
# figure out how to rewrite urls in the server of your choice.

INDEX_PAGE="index.php?"

# URI_PROTOCOL
# ------------
# $_SERVER variable that contains the correct request path,
# e.g. 'REQUEST_URI', 'QUERY_STRING', 'PATH_INFO', etc.
# defaults to AUTO

URI_PROTOCOL="AUTO"

# SITENAME
# --------
# Will appear in the title bar of your browser and as heading on each webpage
SITENAME="MunkiReport"

#Client passphrase
#------------------
#CLIENT_PASSPHRASES=""

# AUTHENTICATION
# --------------

# SAML
#-----
AUTH_METHODS="NOAUTH"
#AUTH_SAML_SP_NAME_ID_FORMAT=""
#AUTH_SAML_IDP_ENTITY_ID=""
#AUTH_SAML_IDP_SSO_URL=""
#AUTH_SAML_IDP_SLO_URL=""
#AUTH_SAML_IDP_X509CERT="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
#YOUR CERT
#-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
#AUTH_SAML_USER_ATTR="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name"

# ROLES
# -----
# Add users or groups to the appropriate roles array.
#ROLES_ADMIN=""

# Set to TRUE to enable Business Units
# For more information, see docs/business_units.md
ENABLE_BUSINESS_UNITS=TRUE

# Force secure connection when authenticating
#
# Set this value to TRUE to force https when logging in.
# This is useful for sites that serve MR both via http and https
AUTH_SECURE=TRUE

# Define path to the curl binary and add options
# this is used by the installer script.
# Override to use custom path and add or remove options, some environments
# may need to add "--insecure" if the servercertificate is not to be
# checked.
CURL_CMD="/usr/bin/curl, --fail, --silent, --show-error"

Create a new .env file by running touch .env in home/site/munkireport
Edit the file by running vi .env, press I to enter edit mode and paste my example above, change DATABASE parameters, once done press escape and :, type wq and press enter to save
Now we need to run the composer, run ./composer.phar install --no-dev --no-suggest
When the composer has finished running, manually migrate the database by running ./please migrate
Since our index.php is not in wwwroot, we need to create a symbolic link that points to MunkiReport, to do so, run ln -s /home/site/munkireport/public /home/site/wwwroot/report

You should now be able to access your MunkiReport instance by navigating to https://{APPNAME}.azurewebsites.net/report

Configure SAML

By default in the .env provided above, authentication method is set to "NOAUTH" which means this console is accessible by anyone. Of course we don't want that so lets setup SAML with Azure AD. Other authentication methods you can use are LDAP and network authentication.

Go to Azure Portal
Create a new app by navigating to Azure Active Directory -> Enterprise Applications and click New application, choose Create your own application
Give your app a Name and click Create
Navigate to Single sign-on and choose SAML
Under Basic SAML Configuration, enter the following
- Identifier (Entity ID): https://{APPNAME}.azurewebsites.net/report/index.php?/auth/saml/metadata
- Reply URL (Assertion Consumer Service URL): https://{APPNAME}.azurewebsites.net/report/index.php?/auth/saml/acs
- Logout Url: https://{APPNAME}.azurewebsites.net/report/index.php?/auth/saml/sls
Under Setup "AppName", note the following values,
- Login URL
- Azure AD Identifier
- Logout URL
- Download your Federation Metadata XML by clicking Download
Add your user to the app under Users and groups
Back in the ssh session, edit the following lines in .env (remove # from each line to uncomment). Open your Federation Metadata XML in a text editor and copy the value between <X509Certificate> and </X509Certificate>

AUTH_METHODS=SAML
AUTH_SAML_SP_NAME_ID_FORMAT=urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress
AUTH_SAML_IDP_ENTITY_ID="<Azure AD Identifier from your Azure application>"
AUTH_SAML_IDP_SSO_URL="<Login URL from your Azure application>"
AUTH_SAML_IDP_SLO_URL="<Logout URL from your Azure application>"
AUTH_SAML_IDP_X509CERT="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
YOUR CERT
-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
AUTH_SAML_USER_ATTR="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name"

Now when you browse to https://{APPNAME}.azurewebsites.net/report, you will be prompted to sign in with your Azure AD account.

Optional: Create business units

If you have a requirement to give managers for different units across your organisation access to reports we can configure something called Business Units in MunkiReport. This allows you to specify which macs a specific user in MunkiAdmin is able to see. To do this, we'll create the business units in the MunkiReport console, create groups to which we will add devices and create a configuration profile that we push from MEM to add them to a specific business unit.

Browse to your MunkiReport console
Navigate to Admin -> Manage Business Units, click +, enter a name for the business unit and adress/link if applicable then click Save
Repeat above steps for the business units you want
Under your Business Unit - Machine Groups, click edit type a name for a new group then click + and Save
Repeat above steps for the groups you want

When you've done above steps, you will have something like this,

Click on each group and copy the Machine Key, this is the key we'll specify on the profile in MEM to target a device to a business unit
Edit the below .mobileconfig to include your Machine Key, do this for each business unit

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
	<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
	<string>A979DD74-19F6-11EC-9621-0242AC130002</string>
	<key>PayloadRemovalDisallowed</key>
	<true/>
	<key>PayloadScope</key>
	<string>System</string>
	<key>PayloadType</key>
	<string>Configuration</string>
	<key>PayloadUUID</key>
	<string>A979DD74-19F6-11EC-9621-0242AC130002</string>
	<key>PayloadContent</key>
	<array>
		<dict>
            <key>Passphrase</key>
            <string>{YOUR MACHINE KEY}</string>
			<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
			<string>MunkiReport config</string>
			<key>PayloadEnabled</key>
			<true/>
			<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
			<string>9C0F6032-19F6-11EC-9621-0242AC130002</string>
			<key>PayloadOrganization</key>
			<string>DemoOrg</string>
			<key>PayloadType</key>
			<string>MunkiReport</string>
			<key>PayloadUUID</key>
			<string>9C0F6032-19F6-11EC-9621-0242AC130002</string>
			<key>PayloadVersion</key>
			<integer>1</integer>
		</dict>
	</array>
</dict>
</plist>

In the ssh session edit the following line in .env and add all your Machine Keys separated by "," (remove # to uncomment)

CLIENT_PASSPHRASES=""

Add your email adress to the following line then save the .env file

ROLES_ADMIN=""

Sign in to the MEM console
Navigate to Devices -> Configuration profiles and click Create profile
For Platform choose macOS, Profile type: Templates and Template name: Custom, click Create
Give the profile a Name then click Next
Provide Custom configuration profile name, upload the prepared profile then click Next
Assign the profile to a group which contains the devices from the business unit, then click Next and finally Create

Create one profile per business unit. The next step is to assign managers by editing Managers for each business unit and adding their email adress. You also need to add them to the application in Azure AD.

Onboard macOS devices

Now it's time to onboard our devices. If you created business units you can skip the step of creating a client passphrase as this has already been done.

Create passphrase

Edit the below .mobileconfig to include a passphrase of your choosing

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
	<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
	<string>A979DD74-19F6-11EC-9621-0242AC130002</string>
	<key>PayloadRemovalDisallowed</key>
	<true/>
	<key>PayloadScope</key>
	<string>System</string>
	<key>PayloadType</key>
	<string>Configuration</string>
	<key>PayloadUUID</key>
	<string>A979DD74-19F6-11EC-9621-0242AC130002</string>
	<key>PayloadContent</key>
	<array>
		<dict>
            <key>Passphrase</key>
            <string>{YOUR MACHINE KEY}</string>
			<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
			<string>MunkiReport config</string>
			<key>PayloadEnabled</key>
			<true/>
			<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
			<string>9C0F6032-19F6-11EC-9621-0242AC130002</string>
			<key>PayloadOrganization</key>
			<string>DemoOrg</string>
			<key>PayloadType</key>
			<string>MunkiReport</string>
			<key>PayloadUUID</key>
			<string>9C0F6032-19F6-11EC-9621-0242AC130002</string>
			<key>PayloadVersion</key>
			<integer>1</integer>
		</dict>
	</array>
</dict>
</plist>

In the ssh session edit the following line in .env and add the passphrase the macs use when they connect to MunkiReport (remove # to uncomment) then save the file

CLIENT_PASSPHRASES=""

Sign in to the MEM console
Navigate to Devices -> Configuration profiles and click Create profile
For Platform choose macOS, Profile type: Templates and Template name: Custom, click Create
Give the profile a Name then click Next
Provide Custom configuration profile name, upload the prepared profile then click Next
Assign the profile to your macs, then click Next and finally Create

Create package

To create a .pkg used for installation, run this command in your Terminal, this will create a .pkg on your desktop /bin/bash -c "$(curl 'https://{APP NAME}.azurewebsites.net/report/index.php?/install')" bash -i ~/Desktop

To deploy the package to mac devices in MEM, we're using a shell script. You need to upload the package to a web server from which the macs can curl the package, for example Azure Storage.

When you have the package ready, edit this script to point to your package location on line 21, then save it as installMunkiReport.sh

When the script is ready, we can now deploy the package to mac devices in MEM.

In the MEM console, go to Devices -> macOS -> Shell scritps
Click Add, give the script a Name and click Next
Upload the prepared shell script and use the following configuration, Run script as signed-in user: No, Hide script notifications on devices: Yes, Script frequency: Not configured, Max number of times to retry if script fails: 3 times, click Next
Assign the script then click Next, finally click Add

Reporting in MunkiReport

Devices to which you deployed the package will now start to report data back to MunkiReport, below you can see some screenshots from my environment.

Final words

I'm really impressed with this tool, there's so many things you can get reports on, not only the status of your Munki packages but also things like battery health, updates pending, storage etc. so you can be proactive. There's also good customisation support, I encourage you to have a look at MunkiReport documentation. The examples I provided for .env, .mobileconfig and install script is available on my GitHub.